【作品简介】
《丽人行》由杜甫创作,被选入《唐诗三百首》。这首诗是讽刺杨氏国戚之奢侈淫乱,侧面反映了玄宗的昏庸和朝政的腐败。开首十句是描写上已日曲江水边踏青的丽人如云,体态娴雅,姿色优美,衣着华丽。“就中”十句,具体写出丽人中虢、秦、韩三人,她们器皿雅致,肴馔精美,箫管悠扬。“后来”六句,写杨国忠之炫赫,意气骄恣,势焰熏灼。全诗语极铺排,富丽华美中蕴含清刚之气。虽然不见讽刺的语言,但在维妙维肖的描摹中,隐含犀利的匕首,讥讽入木三分。
杜甫的诗词以古体、律诗见长,风格多样,以“沉郁顿挫”四字准确概括出他自己的作品风格,而以沉郁为主。杜甫生活在唐朝由盛转衰的历史时期,其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦,他的诗反映当时社会矛盾和人民疾苦,因而被誉为“诗史”。杜甫忧国忧民,人格高尚,诗艺精湛。杜甫一生写诗一千五百多首,其中很多是传颂千古的名篇,比如“三吏”和“三别”,并有《杜工部集》传世;其中“三吏”为《石壕吏》《新安吏》和《潼关吏》,“三别”为《新婚别》《无家别》和《垂老别》。杜甫的诗篇流传数量是唐诗里最多最广泛的,是唐代最杰出的诗人之一,对后世影响深远。
清初文学评论家金圣叹,把杜甫所作之诗,与屈原的《离骚》、庄周的《庄子》、司马迁的 《史记》、施耐庵的《水浒传》、王实甫的《西厢记》,合称“六才子书”。在当代,杜甫对国家的忠心和对人民的关切被重新诠释为民族主义和社会主义的含义,而他本人因为使用“人民的语言”而受到现代研究者的赞赏。
杜甫不只在中国流名,还扬名海外。1481年韩国将杜诗翻译成韩文,叫《杜诗谚解》。他对日本文学影响相对较晚,直到十七世纪他在日本拥有和在中国一样的名声。杜甫对松尾芭蕉的影响尤深。杜甫也是美国作家雷克斯罗斯(Kenneth Rexroth)最喜欢的作家。
【中英对照翻译】
丽人行
杜甫
三月三日天气新, 长安水边多丽人。
态浓意远淑且真, 肌理细腻骨肉匀。
绣罗衣裳照暮春, 蹙金孔雀银麒麟。
头上何所有? 翠微盍(偏旁 勹 )叶垂鬓唇。
背后何所见? 珠压腰衱稳称身。
就中云幕椒房亲, 赐名大国虢与秦。
紫驼之峰出翠釜, 水精之盘行素鳞。
犀箸餍饫久未下, 鸾刀缕切空纷纶。
黄门飞鞚不动尘, 御厨络绎送八珍。
箫鼓哀吟感鬼神, 宾从杂遝实要津。
后来鞍马何逡巡? 当轩下马入锦茵。
杨花雪落覆白苹, 青鸟飞去衔红巾。
炙手可热势绝伦, 慎莫近前丞相嗔。
A SONG OF FAIR WOMEN
Du Fu
On the third day of the Third-month in the freshening weather
Many beauties take the air by the Changan waterfront,
Receptive, aloof, sweet-mannered, sincere,
With soft fine skin and well-balanced bone.
Their embroidered silk robes in the spring sun are gleaming --
With a mass of golden peacocks and silver unicorns.
And hanging far down from their temples
Are blue leaves of delicate kingfisher feathers.
And following behind them
Is a pearl-laden train, rhythmic with bearers.
Some of them are kindred to the Royal House --
The titled Princesses Guo and Qin.
Red camel-humps are brought them from jade broilers,
And sweet fish is ordered them on crystal trays.
Though their food-sticks of unicorn-horn are lifted languidly
And the finely wrought phoenix carving-knife is very little used,
Fleet horses from the Yellow Gate, stirring no dust,
Bring precious dishes constantly from the imperial kitchen.
...While a solemn sound of flutes and drums invokes gods and spirits,
Guests and courtiers gather, all of high rank;
And finally, riding slow, a dignified horseman
Dismounts at the pavilion on an embroidered rug.
In a snow of flying willow-cotton whitening the duckweed,
Bluebirds find their way with vermilion handkerchiefs --
But power can be as hot as flame and burn people's fingers.
Be wary of the Premier, watch for his frown.